When one talks about the “success” of a Natural Language Processing solution, they often refer to its ability to analyse the semantic and syntactic structure of a given sentence. Such a solution is expected to be able to understand both the linear and hierarchical order of the words in a sentence, unveil embedded structures, illustrate syntactical relationships and have a firm grasp of the argument structure. In order to meet the expectations, cutting edge Natural Language Processing systems like parsers, POS taggers or machine translation systems make use of syntactically or semantically annotated treebanks. Such treebanks offer a deep look through the surface and into the logical form of sentences.
Annotated treebanks can be categorised as constituency treebanks and dependency treebanks. Constituency treebanks offers clarity through resolving structural ambiguities, and successfully illustrates the syntagmatic relations like adjunct, complement, predicate, internal argument, external argument and such.
The very first comprehensive annotated treebank, the Penn Treebank, was created for the English language and offers 40,000 annotated sentences. Following the Penn Treebank, numerous treebanks annotated for constituency structures were developed in different languages including French, German, Finnish, Hungarian, Chinese and Arabic.
You can also see Java, Python, C, Cython, Swift, Js, or C# repository.
To check if you have compatible C++ Compiler installed,
- Open CLion IDE
- Preferences >Build,Execution,Deployment > Toolchain
Install the latest version of Git.
In order to work on code, create a fork from GitHub page. Use Git for cloning the code to your local or below line for Ubuntu:
git clone <your-fork-git-link>
A directory called ParseTree-CPP will be created. Or you can use below link for exploring the code:
git clone https://github.com/starlangsoftware/ParseTree-CPP.git
To import projects from Git with version control:
-
Open CLion IDE , select Get From Version Control.
-
In the Import window, click URL tab and paste github URL.
-
Click open as Project.
Result: The imported project is listed in the Project Explorer view and files are loaded.
From IDE
After being done with the downloading and opening project, select Build Project option from Build menu. After compilation process, user can run TestTreeBank.cpp .
To load a TreeBank composed of saved ParseTrees from a folder:
TreeBank(File folder)
To load trees with a specified pattern from a folder of trees:
TreeBank(File folder, String pattern)
To load trees with a specified pattern and within a specified range of numbers from a folder of trees:
TreeBank(File folder, String pattern, int from, int to)
the line above is used. For example,
a = TreeBank(new File("/mypath"));
the line below is used to load trees under the folder "mypath" which is under the current folder. If only the trees with ".train" extension under the same folder are to be loaded:
a = TreeBank(new File("/mypath"), ".train");
If among those trees, only the ones between 1 and 500 are to be loaded:
a = TreeBank(new File("/mypath"), ".train", 1, 500);
the line below is used.
To iterate over the trees after the TreeBank is loaded:
for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++){
ParseTree p = a.get(i);
}
a block of code like this can be useful.
To load a saved ParseTree:
ParseTree(FileInputStream file)
is used. Usually it is more useful to load a TreeBank as explained above than loading the ParseTree one by one.
To find the node number of a ParseTree:
int nodeCount()
leaf number of a ParseTree:
int leafCount()
number of words in a ParseTree:
int wordCount(boolean excludeStopWords)
above methods can be used.
@INPROCEEDINGS{9259873,
author={N. {Kara} and B. {Marşan} and M. {Özçelik} and B. N. {Arıcan} and A. {Kuzgun} and N. {Cesur} and D. B. {Aslan} and O. T. {Yıldız}},
booktitle={2020 Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference (ASYU)},
title={Creating A Syntactically Felicitous Constituency Treebank For Turkish},
year={2020},
volume={},
number={},
pages={1-6},
doi={10.1109/ASYU50717.2020.9259873}}
- First install conan.
pip install conan
Instructions are given in the following page:
https://docs.conan.io/2/installation.html
- Add conan remote 'ozyegin' with IP: 104.247.163.162 with the following command:
conan remote add ozyegin http://104.247.163.162:8081/artifactory/api/conan/conan-local --insert
- Use the comman conan list to check for installed packages. Probably there are no installed packages.
conan list
- Put the correct dependencies in the requires part
requires = ["math/1.0.0", "classification/1.0.0"]
- Default settings are:
settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
options = {"shared": [True, False], "fPIC": [True, False]}
default_options = {"shared": True, "fPIC": True}
exports_sources = "src/*", "Test/*"
def layout(self):
cmake_layout(self, src_folder="src")
def generate(self):
tc = CMakeToolchain(self)
tc.generate()
deps = CMakeDeps(self)
deps.generate()
def build(self):
cmake = CMake(self)
cmake.configure()
cmake.build()
def package(self):
copy(conanfile=self, keep_path=False, src=join(self.source_folder), dst=join(self.package_folder, "include"), pattern="*.h")
copy(conanfile=self, keep_path=False, src=self.build_folder, dst=join(self.package_folder, "lib"), pattern="*.a")
copy(conanfile=self, keep_path=False, src=self.build_folder, dst=join(self.package_folder, "lib"), pattern="*.so")
copy(conanfile=self, keep_path=False, src=self.build_folder, dst=join(self.package_folder, "lib"), pattern="*.dylib")
copy(conanfile=self, keep_path=False, src=self.build_folder, dst=join(self.package_folder, "bin"), pattern="*.dll")
def package_info(self):
self.cpp_info.libs = ["ComputationalGraph"]
- Set the C++ standard with compiler flags.
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-O3")
- Dependent packages should be given with find_package.
find_package(util_c REQUIRED)
find_package(data_structure_c REQUIRED)
- For library part, use add_library and target_link_libraries commands. Use m library for math linker in Linux.
add_library(Math src/Distribution.cpp src/Distribution.h src/DiscreteDistribution.cpp src/DiscreteDistribution.h src/Vector.cpp src/Vector.h src/Eigenvector.cpp src/Eigenvector.h src/Matrix.cpp src/Matrix.h src/Tensor.cpp src/Tensor.h)
target_link_libraries(Math util_c::util_c data_structure_c::data_structure_c m)
- For executable tests, use add_executable and target_link_libraries commands. Use m library for math linker in Linux.
add_executable(DiscreteDistributionTest src/Distribution.cpp src/Distribution.h src/DiscreteDistribution.cpp src/DiscreteDistribution.h src/Vector.cpp src/Vector.h src/Eigenvector.cpp src/Eigenvector.h src/Matrix.cpp src/Matrix.h src/Tensor.cpp src/Tensor.h Test/DiscreteDistributionTest.cpp)
target_link_libraries(DiscreteDistributionTest util_c::util_c data_structure_c::data_structure_c m)
- Add data files to the cmake-build-debug folder.
- If needed, comparator operators == and < should be implemented for map and set data structures.
bool operator==(const Word &anotherWord) const{
return (name == anotherWord.name);
}
bool operator<(const Word &anotherWord) const{
return (name < anotherWord.name);
}
- Do not forget to comment each function.
/**
* A constructor of Word class which gets a String name as an input and assigns to the name variable.
*
* @param _name String input.
*/
Word::Word(const string &_name) {
- Function names should follow caml case.
int Word::charCount() const
- Write getter and setter methods.
string Word::getName() const
void Word::setName(const string &_name)
- Use catch.hpp for testing purposes. Add
#define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN // This tells Catch to provide a main() - only do this in one cpp file
line in only one of the test files. Add
#include "catch.hpp"
line in all test files. Example test file is given below:
TEST_CASE("DictionaryTest") {
TxtDictionary lowerCaseDictionary = TxtDictionary("lowercase.txt", "turkish_misspellings.txt");
TxtDictionary mixedCaseDictionary = TxtDictionary("mixedcase.txt", "turkish_misspellings.txt");
TxtDictionary dictionary = TxtDictionary();
SECTION("testSize"){
REQUIRE(29 == lowerCaseDictionary.size());
REQUIRE(58 == mixedCaseDictionary.size());
REQUIRE(62113 == dictionary.size());
}
SECTION("testGetWord"){
for (int i = 0; i < dictionary.size(); i++){
REQUIRE_FALSE(nullptr == dictionary.getWord(i));
}
}
SECTION("testLongestWordSize"){
REQUIRE(1 == lowerCaseDictionary.longestWordSize());
REQUIRE(1 == mixedCaseDictionary.longestWordSize());
REQUIRE(21 == dictionary.longestWordSize());
}
- Enumerated types should be declared with enum class.
enum class Pos {
ADJECTIVE,
NOUN,
VERB,
ADVERB,
- Every header file should start with
#ifndef MATH_DISTRIBUTION_H
#define MATH_DISTRIBUTION_H
and end with
#endif //MATH_DISTRIBUTION_H
- Do not forget to use const expression for parameters, if they will not be changed in the function.
void Word::setName(const string &_name);
- Do not forget to use const expression for methods, which do not modify any class attribute. Also use [[dodiscard]]
[[nodiscard]] bool isPunctuation() const;
- Use xmlparser package for parsing xml files.
auto* doc = new XmlDocument("test.xml");
doc->parse();
XmlElement* root = doc->getFirstChild();
XmlElement* firstChild = root->getFirstChild();
- Data structures: Use map for hash map, unordered_map for linked hash map, vector for array list, unordered_set for hash set